--- title: "Hiring of young people on permanent contracts falls in roles exposed to generative AI — AI watch, week of 5 – 11 October 2026 — Marsanne Studio" description: "A study by the Banque de France and HEC, widely covered this week, documents a clear decline in permanent-contract hiring of young people in the roles most exposed to generative AI. The \"Osez l’IA\" plan reviews its first year: interest among SME and mid-sized company leaders has risen sharply, but industrialisation remains limited. Several studies also point to a governance gap in AI adoption, and to costs that often exceed budgets." url: "https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/week/2026-w41/" lang: "en" --- [Marsanne Studio](https://marsanne.studio/en/) [← Back to home](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch) [← The AI watch](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch) Weekly digest · 5 – 11 October 2026 # Hiring of young people on permanent contracts falls in roles exposed to generative AI A study by the Banque de France and HEC, widely covered this week, documents a clear decline in permanent-contract hiring of young people in the roles most exposed to generative AI. The "Osez l’IA" plan reviews its first year: interest among SME and mid-sized company leaders has risen sharply, but industrialisation remains limited. Several studies also point to a governance gap in AI adoption, and to costs that often exceed budgets. ## Key developments 1. ### Hiring of young people falls in roles exposed to generative AI A study by the Banque de France and the HEC Laboratory for Innovation and the Future of Work, covering more than 1,500 occupations, shows that permanent-contract hiring of 21-29 year-olds has fallen by around 28% since November 2022 in the roles most exposed to generative AI, compared with 7 to 8% in the least exposed roles. Young software developers and IT engineers are the hardest hit, with a 42% drop in their permanent-contract hiring. Total employment at companies reporting intensive use of AI does not differ markedly from that of other companies: the authors observe an effect on entries into and exits from the labour market rather than a visible fall in payroll headcount. Sources: Challenges ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/75-000-permanent-contracts-lost-every-year-because-of-ai-the-5-jobs-cb632b "\"75,000 permanent contracts lost every year because of AI\": the 5 occupations where young people no longer land a stable contract"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/five-examples-of-the-jobs-most-at-risk-from-b51106 "Here are 5 examples of the jobs most at risk from AI")), Les Echos ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/the-first-figures-to-implicate-ai-in-the-decline-in-youth-e59377 "The first figures implicating AI in the decline in youth employment"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/hiring-of-young-people-is-falling-in-the-jobs-most-exposed-to-35f827 "Recruitment of young people falls in the roles most exposed to artificial intelligence")), [Le Monde](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/generative-ai-freezes-hiring-of-young-people-in-exposed-ee9572 "Generative AI freezes hiring of young people in exposed roles"), [Banque de France](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/generative-ai-the-first-changes-in-the-labour-market-for-young-22bbda "Generative AI: the first labour market changes affecting young people"), [Journal du Net](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/permanent-hiring-of-young-workers-falls-in-jobs-exposed-to-generative-5a62d5 "Permanent-contract hiring of young workers falls in roles exposed to generative AI"), [Silicon.fr](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/in-france-generative-ai-is-reportedly-closing-the-door-on-beginners-fd4486 "In France, generative AI would first close the door to beginners") 2. ### "Osez l’IA": SME interest climbs, industrialisation remains limited One year after its launch, the "Osez l’IA" plan (€200 million) shows, according to the Ministry of the Economy, a result considered positive but focused on awareness-raising: 35,000 companies reached through 615 AI Ambassadors, but only 70 Data AI Diagnostics under way. A Siparex-Bpifrance study shows a sharp rise in interest in AI among SME and mid-sized company leaders, from 48% to 86% in one year, and in projects launched, from 15% to 55%. A new plan, "Impulsion IA 2027" (€80 million), has been announced for 2026, focused on training, with no budget increase over the initial plan. Sources: [Techniques de l'Ingénieur](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/osez-l-ia-plan-what-has-been-achieved-in-its-first-cb5a6e "\"Osez l’IA\" plan: how did its first year go?") 3. ### AI governance: most French companies have no formal framework The Data & AI Barometer 2026 by Coface and Les Echos Etudes, based on a survey of 900 decision-makers, shows that 60% of French companies have no formal framework for the use of AI, and that only 17% have defined, formalised and communicated a usage policy. A barometer by ESSCA and Forvis Mazars, covering four European countries, finds Shadow AI in two thirds of organisations. A study by ABBYY, noted by the Journal du Net, indicates that 44% of French executives believe AI is being adopted faster than their organisation can govern it. This gap comes as the AI Act, since 2 August 2026, imposes new obligations on transparency and on staff AI literacy. Sources: [ActuIA](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/six-in-ten-french-companies-have-no-ai-framework-43717f "Six in ten French companies have no AI framework (Coface)"), [Comarketing-News](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/shadow-ai-companies-struggle-to-govern-ai-at-28ade5 "Shadow AI: companies struggle to manage AI at work"), [Journal du Net](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/the-ai-governance-gap-between-trust-and-77f09c "The AI governance gap: between trust and accountability"), [Solutions Numériques](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-act-risks-and-opportunities-as-companies-face-the-compliance-75ee11 "AI Act: between risks and opportunities, companies put to the test of compliance") 4. ### AI deployment: case law makes CSE consultation mandatory On 30 September, the CFE-CGC union at Groupe RATP filed a social alert accusing management of failing to comply with the information and consultation of the social and economic committee (CSE) on the deployment of AI. ActuIA lists nine French court decisions issued between February 2025 and September 2026 on this obligation: judges enforced it or suspended the tool in four cases out of five, notably at a subsidiary of Infopro Digital, where a reorganisation handing 70% of the tasks of eight copy editors to AI was suspended. Copilot 365, however, was ruled outside the scope of consultation by a Paris order. Cases are also open at Ubisoft Paris. Sources: ActuIA ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-at-ratp-the-social-alert-centres-on-consulting-the-4e0cc2 "AI at RATP: social alert centres on CSE consultation"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/when-to-consult-the-cse-before-deploying-ai-october-b73f83 "When to consult the CSE before deploying AI (October 2026)")), [Solutions Numériques](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/at-ratp-ai-deployment-runs-into-social-d9abdb "At RATP, AI deployment runs into social dialogue") 5. ### AI costs exceed planned budgets According to Pigment's CFO Index, based on 2,000 chief financial officers in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany, 83% of organisations have seen their consumption-based AI costs exceed forecasts, with a typical overrun of between 11 and 25%. At Uber, rolling out Claude Code to around 5,000 engineers used up the twelve-month AI budget in four months, according to the co-founder of Treez cited by Alliancy, who puts the monthly cost of one million conversations at between $15,000 and $75,000 with frontier models, against $150 to $800 with specialised models. Sources: [Alliancy](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/twelve-months-of-ai-budget-used-up-in-four-the-hidden-cost-of-scaling-5c4215 "Twelve months of AI budget swallowed in four: the hidden cost of scaling up"), [Decideo](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-cost-overruns-are-weighing-on-budgets-according-to-a-pigment-study-444c93 "AI cost overruns weigh on budgets, according to a Pigment study, as political uncertainty threatens third-quarter forecasts") ## Figures of the week - 28.3 % Fall in permanent-contract hiring of 21-29 year-olds in the roles most exposed to generative AI France, 21-29 year-olds, roles most exposed to generative AI, since November 2022 > « depuis novembre 2022, les embauches en CDI des 21-29 ans ont reculé de 28,3% dans les métiers les plus exposés à l’IA générative, contre 7,5% dans les métiers les moins exposés » [Journal du Net](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/permanent-hiring-of-young-workers-falls-in-jobs-exposed-to-generative-5a62d5) , from Banque de France et Laboratoire de l'innovation et du futur du travail de HEC - 60 % Share of French companies with no formal framework for AI France, 900 decision-makers surveyed, 2026 > « Coface additionne les deux groupes pour arriver à 60 % d'entreprises sans cadre formalisé. » [ActuIA](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/six-in-ten-french-companies-have-no-ai-framework-43717f) , from Baromètre Data & IA 2026 (Coface / Les Echos Etudes) - 18 % AI adoption rate among French companies in 2025 companies, France, 2025 > « Les données de l’INSEE montrent que l’adoption de l’IA par les entreprises françaises est passée de 10 % en 2024 à 18 % en 2025, après avoir progressé de 6 % en 2023. » [Journal du Net](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/enterprise-ai-the-second-chapter-of-artificial-intelligence-plays-out-e422a5) , from INSEE - 4.1 % Share of Spanish industrial SMEs using AI in 2026 Spanish industrial SMEs, sample of 131,554 companies, 2026 > « el 4,1% de las pymes ya utiliza estas tecnologías » [IT User](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-adoption-among-spanish-smes-reaches-4-806ea3) , from Barómetro IndesIA 2026 - 50 % AI adoption among Spanish companies with more than 10 employees in 2025 Spain, companies with more than 10 employees, 2025 > « la adopción de la inteligencia artificial entre las empresas de más de diez trabajadores ha pasado del 13% en 2024 al 50% en 2025 » [Cámara de España](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/the-president-of-the-camara-de-espana-highlights-the-need-to-support-0ae920) - 62 % Share of large companies that have deployed or are developing AI agents US companies with annual revenue of $1 billion or more, Q3 2026 > « Aujourd’hui, 62 % des entreprises dont le chiffre d’affaires est supérieur ou égal à 1 milliard de dollars ont déployé ou développent actuellement des agents IA, contre 53 % au trimestre dernier, selon l’enquête trimestrielle KPMG AI Pulse trimestrielle KPMG sur l’IA. » [ZDNet France](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/74-of-ceos-now-act-as-their-company-s-ai-lead-as-ai-spending-f888a8) , from Enquête trimestrielle KPMG AI Pulse ## In France and Spain ### France Beyond the week's dominant topics, the Evident AI Index 2026 from Evident shows French major banks losing ground in their use of AI: BNP Paribas, the leading French bank, falls to 16th place worldwide, Société Générale and BPCE also drop, and only Crédit Agricole improves slightly. A study by Reputation Age and Bubbling finds that 40% of the financial figures returned by ChatGPT and Gemini on CAC 40 accounts are incorrect. Schneider Electric announces the acquisition of the US software company PTC for around $22.6 billion, its largest deal, to power industrial AI applications. The Direction générale des Entreprises publishes a guide to AI use cases for craftspeople and the list of winners of a dedicated call for expressions of interest. Sources: [IT for Business](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-use-french-banks-fall-97afa7 "AI use: French banks fall behind"), [ActuIA](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/cac-40-chatgpt-and-gemini-get-four-figures-in-ten-0a8dd9 "CAC 40: ChatGPT and Gemini get four figures in ten wrong"), [Silicon.fr](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/schneider-electric-bets-22-6-billion-on-ptc-to-speed-up-its-shift-to-07e810 "Schneider Electric bets $22.6 billion on PTC to speed up its shift to software"), Direction générale des Entreprises ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-adoption-practical-guides-for-craft-5b5d44 "AI adoption: practical guides for craftspeople"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/artisanat-innovons-ensemble-the-winners-of-the-call-for-expressions-of-2434c2 "\"Artisanat : innovons ensemble\": the winners of the call for expressions of interest")) ### Spain AI adoption among Spanish SMEs remains highly contrasted depending on the scope measured: the IndesIA Barometer finds that 4.1% of industrial SMEs use it, up from 2.9% in 2025, while a study cited by the Cámara de España puts adoption at 50% for companies with more than ten employees, against 13% a year earlier. Vodafone Empresas announces that it has deployed AI agents to more than 100,000 SME customers. An FTI Consulting report shows that 49% of large Spanish companies have slowed no AI project in twelve months, with a more cautious approach than the average of the seven markets studied. Factorial teams up with Microsoft to launch an AI agent for businesses. Sources: [IT User](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-adoption-among-spanish-smes-reaches-4-806ea3 "AI adoption in Spanish SMEs reaches 4.1%"), [Cámara de España](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/the-president-of-the-camara-de-espana-highlights-the-need-to-support-0ae920 "President of the Cámara de España stresses the need to support SMEs to speed up the adoption of artificial intelligence"), Europa Press ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/vodafone-rolls-out-ai-agents-to-more-than-100-000-54e612 "Vodafone deploys AI agents to more than 100,000 SMEs"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/49-of-large-spanish-companies-have-not-slowed-down-any-ai-project-over-7dfc26 "49% of large Spanish companies have slowed no AI project over the past year")), [Cinco Días](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/factorial-focuses-its-strategy-on-becoming-an-enterprise-ai-that-3fac77 "Factorial focuses its strategy on becoming an AI for business that complies with European regulation") ## Internationally ### United States In the United States, the quarterly KPMG AI Pulse survey of large companies shows accelerating deployment of AI agents: 62% have deployed or are developing them, against 53% the previous quarter, and 74% of CEOs are in effect taking on the role of head of AI. The Evident AI Index confirms the dominance of North American banks, which have deployed more than 1,100 AI applications since 2021 and are reinvesting productivity gains rather than cutting jobs on a large scale, with the exception of Standard Chartered, which plans 7,800 back-office job cuts by 2030. In the creative industries, more than 200,000 jobs have disappeared since 2022 according to BLS statistics compiled by economist Joseph Politano, with generative AI among the causes cited. Sources: [ZDNet France](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/74-of-ceos-now-act-as-their-company-s-ai-lead-as-ai-spending-f888a8 "74% of CEOs now take on the role of head of AI, as spending in this area soars"), [Business AM](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/north-american-banks-lead-on-ai-integration-european-banks-struggle-to-9db3eb "North American banks lead on AI integration; European banks struggle to keep up"), [Xataka](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/us-data-points-in-one-direction-something-has-destroyed-more-than-200-20bb69 "US data point in one direction: \"something\" has destroyed more than 200,000 creative jobs since 2022") ### Rest of the world In Switzerland, a study by the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences counts around 5,000 AI-related job postings between July 2025 and June 2026, up 32% year on year, with SMEs accounting for 76% of this growth. A study by IFS and The Futurum Group shows that 58.5% of industrial companies already invest $10 million or more a year in AI. In Mexico, a study by Accenture, IPADE and Empresas Globales finds that 81% of large companies hope to scale AI within three years, but that 66% are still at the pilot stage. In Colombia, several public and private initiatives target tens of thousands of SMEs. Sources: [SWI swissinfo.ch](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/smes-drive-the-ai-jobs-boom-in-c21252 "SMEs drive the AI jobs boom in Switzerland"), [IT User](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/58-5-of-industrial-companies-already-invest-more-than-10-million-a-year-cb330b "58.5% of industrial companies already invest more than $10 million a year in AI"), [El Financiero](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-is-not-a-a7e935 "AI is not a strategy"), [El Tiempo](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/more-than-30-000-smes-will-be-able-to-access-a-platform-that-uses-ai-to-f54479 "More than 30,000 SMEs will get free access to a platform that uses AI to detect possible overcharges on their invoices: how it works"), [El Ecosistema Startup](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/loggro-an-erp-with-native-ai-for-20-000-colombian-23a238 "Loggro: an ERP with native AI for 20,000 Colombian SMEs") ## What's changing Over the previous four weeks, the share of analyses in the AI watch rose markedly: it reaches 27% this week, against 18% last week, 16% two weeks ago and 20% three weeks ago, while the share of data-driven studies falls to 18% after 32% last week. The share of articles on regulation rises to 5% after dropping to 2% last week. The keywords "agents ia" and "ia agentique" remain among the most frequent, as in previous weeks, while the share of articles on mid-sized companies falls back to 3%, its lowest level of the five weeks observed. Comparison with the previous 4 weeks · Sources:ActuIA ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-at-ratp-the-social-alert-centres-on-consulting-the-4e0cc2 "AI at RATP: social alert centres on CSE consultation"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/when-to-consult-the-cse-before-deploying-ai-october-b73f83 "When to consult the CSE before deploying AI (October 2026)"), [3](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-act-obligations-in-force-and-postponements-under-omnibus-2026-1ebb1a "AI Act: obligations in force and postponements under omnibus 2026/1744")), Solutions Numériques ([1](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/at-ratp-ai-deployment-runs-into-social-d9abdb "At RATP, AI deployment runs into social dialogue"), [2](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/ai-act-risks-and-opportunities-as-companies-face-the-compliance-75ee11 "AI Act: between risks and opportunities, companies put to the test of compliance")) ## Method Digest written on 12 October 2026 by an AI model (Claude Sonnet 5, by Anthropic) from the 207 articles published in the AI watch for 5 – 11 October 2026. Each paragraph links to the entries it draws on, and every number in the text was found in one of those articles before publication. The figures of the week are given with the exact sentence from the article that provides them. Digest translated from French by Claude Sonnet 5.5. ## Previous weeks - [28 September – 4 October 2026 France: 40% of micro-businesses and SMEs use AI, while adoption remains limited elsewhere in Europe](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/week/2026-w40) - [21 – 27 September 2026 France and Spain launch public plans to close the AI gap among SMEs](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/week/2026-w39) - [14 – 20 September 2026 In France, 10% of companies use AI, rising to 32% of SMEs and mid-sized companies, according to Bpifrance](https://marsanne.studio/en/ai-watch/week/2026-w38)